1. Define civil engineering.
9. What problem in architecture led to this form of construction?
Building and designing structures like buildings, houses and bridges.
2. Define architecture.
The design of buildings and other structures like homes.
3. Describe the origination of the concept of architecture?
It comes from ancient Greeks and Romans.
4. In ancient times how were building materials chosen?
By availability and climate.
5. Give two examples of vernacular architecture.
The amazon Maloca and the huts that Native Americans lived in.
6. Name and describe the type of system used to create many early buildings.
Slave labor. Using slaves to build the structures that their Master commands them to.
Post and lintel. Building posts or columns and placing things across them or placing a ceiling over it.
Post and lintel. Building posts or columns and placing things across them or placing a ceiling over it.
7. What was the purpose of the Egyptian pyramids? Mexican pyramids?
The purpose for the Egyptian pyramids was that the Pharaoh wanted to be remembered as a great ruler and also there where certain pyramids build just as tombs for the Pharaoh. The Mexican pyramids were places of spirituality and astronomy. They mark certain days throughout the year.
8. What kind of construction method was used to build the Parthenon? Make a simple sketch to illustrate.
Post and lintel method. Limestone was the material used.
9. What problem in architecture led to this form of construction?
Limestone has very poor tensile strength.
10. Explain how an arch is created.
By building two upright "columns" and joining them with stones that form a half circle at the top.
11. How is the vault used in civil engineering?
The vault can be used to create long and stable hallways.
12. Give an example of an arch and dome system.
The Roman aqueducts. The astrodome.
13. Give an example of a modern material we have that was not available to the ancients. How did this restrict construction in ancient times?
Steel, they couldn't build structures with curved supporting walls and they weren't able to make concrete floors on the upper floors of buildings because steel is what we use today to reinforce concrete .
14. What was the purpose of the Roman aqueducts?
To transport water from place to place. Allowed the ability for indoor plumbing and running water.
15. Compare ancient Greek roads to ancient Roman roads.
The Greeks built ruts in the roads for the wheels to fit in. The Romans built theirs with some way to displace water from the road, usually by making the road slightly convex and having a rut dug on the sides of the road to hold water.
16. Describe an ancient Roman bridge.
The foundation of an ancient Roman bridge was built by forcing wooden posts into the ground and they
17. How did building materials and methods change after the Romans?
They became more advanced and a of the artistic qualities that the Romans where carried on afterwards.
Conclusion
1. Give an example of a modern pyramid not shown in the presentation. How does its function differ from that of the Egyptian pyramids? What do you think accounts for this difference?
Muttart conservatory. Its an conservatory. This building is made of Steel and glass and also with modern times the pyramid is not used for what the ancient Pharaohs built them for.
2. Give an example of a modern structure that uses an arch and dome system.
The Golden Dome.
3. What is the main purpose of modern roads? How is the cost of modern roadways defrayed?
For Transportation. Modern roads are payed for by taxes.
For Transportation. Modern roads are payed for by taxes.
